How many categories of superplasticizers are there in the world at present? What are their respective characteristics?

How many categories of superplasticizers are there in the world at present? What are their respective characteristics?

Keywords
superplasticizer, calcium lignin sulfonate, sodium lignin sulfonate, magnesium lignin sulfonate, naphthalene-based superplasticizer, melamine superplasticizer, polycarboxylate superplasticizer, aliphatic superplasticizer, aminosulfonate superplasticizer, China superplasticizers supplier

Lignin sulfonate water reducer
In plant fiber raw materials, lignin is an important component with an extremely complex molecular structure containing a variety of functional groups and chemical bonds. Therefore, when cooking lignin, different treatment methods will lead to differences in the mechanism of delignification and the products
. Compared with other commercial water reducers such as cement, naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducers have the advantages of high dosage, low dosage, small slump loss and fast later strength growth.  After treatment with the sulfite method, a compound called "lignin sulfonate" was obtained. This is a water-soluble sulfonate whose hydroxyl position is replaced by a sulfate group. The components contained include a compound called calcium lignin sulfonate, a compound called sodium lignin sulfonate, and a magnesium compound. Magnesium lignin sulfonate has good dispersibility, and can reduce the heat of cement hydration, improve early strength, and improve later strength development.

Naphthalene-based superplasticizer
Using industrial naphthalene as raw material, after sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid, formaldehyde is used as a condensation agent to condense the sulfonated monomer into a macromolecule with a certain degree of polymerization, and finally form β-naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate. Because its molecular structure contains more amino and sulfonic acid groups, it has a good water-reducing and thickening effect. Its water-reducing performance usually reaches about 20%. Because naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducer has excellent performance and good dispersibility at high dosage, it is widely used in building structure construction and various high-performance concrete mixing fields. Its disadvantage is that it contains heavy metal ions, which will pollute the environment.

Melamine superplasticizer
Mainly composed of melamine formaldehyde and sodium sulfite in alkaline medium by hydroxymethylation sulfonation polycondensation, it is a high-performance water reducer with excellent performance and environmentally friendly properties.

Polycarboxylate superplasticizer
There are mainly four types of polymers: methacrylic acid/methyl acrylate polymer, propylene ether copolymer, amide/imide copolymer and polyamide/polyethylene glycol copolymer. We have developed a new type of high-efficiency aliphatic naphthalene water reducer-sodium aminobenzenesulfonate. At present, the methods for preparing high-efficiency water reducer polycarboxylates mainly include the technology of direct copolymerization of polymerizable monomers; functionalization method after polymerization; in-situ polymerization and grafting method.
The selected monomers are mainly: unsaturated acid-maleic anhydride, maleic acid, acrylic acid; the initiators are mainly diisopropylbenzene peroxide and ammonium persulfate; polyalkenyl hydrocarbons and various functional group derivatives. The water reducer has excellent dispersibility, good compatibility with cement matrix, and can improve the early strength of concrete.
This product is a new water reducer with a water reduction rate of up to 35%.  Polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducer is an indispensable component material with remarkable application effect. At present, the common types in the domestic market are naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducer and polycarboxylic acid-based compound high-performance water reducer. Due to its unique molecular structure and special functional characteristics, it has excellent water reduction, slump retention, excellent working performance and durability.

Aliphatic superplasticizer Aliphatic water reducer is a high-efficiency water reducer variety with simple production process, short production cycle, and no three wastes will be discharged during production and use. At present, it has been widely used in cement concrete admixture industry abroad. The main component of this product is acetone formaldehyde condensate after sulfonation condensation, which consists of acetone, sodium sulfite (or sodium pyrosulfite, alkali) and formaldehyde.

Aminosulfonate superplasticizer Aminosulfonate water reducer is formed by condensation of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and phenol with formaldehyde under weak alkaline conditions of pH about 9, of which aminobenzenesulfonate phenol formaldehyde condensate is its main component.  At present, most of the water reducers produced at home and abroad are made of anionic or cationic surfactants and inorganic salts. Their inferior quality is that they are prone to water bleeding.